# Furnace heating elements

Graphite heating elements for vacuum furnaces, controlled atmosphere and high-temperature processes.

Family: Thermal applications

## Description
Graphite heating elements are used when stable high-temperature heating is needed in vacuum or controlled atmosphere. They are not the furnace itself: they are the component that converts current into heat inside that environment.

Selection depends on maximum temperature, atmosphere, element geometry, power and how the element is supported and connected. Grades with suitable purity and low vapor pressure are preferred for vacuum service.

ESGRAF supplies blanks and machined elements. Share power, temperature, atmosphere and a drawing via quote or contact so applications engineering can recommend a grade family and manufacturable geometry.

## Processes
- Resistance heating
- Vacuum furnaces

## Challenges
- Premature failure of metallic elements
- Chamber contamination
- Uneven heat distribution

## Advantages
- Stability at high temperature
- Low vapor pressure in vacuum (suitable grades)
- Custom machinable geometries

## Limitations
- Oxidation in air above roughly 400–500 °C
- Requires controlled atmosphere or vacuum at high temperature
- Electrical and fixturing design must be validated by engineering

- [Applications](https://esgraf.com/en/applications)
- [Alternate](https://esgraf.com/aplicaciones/hornos-elementos-calefactores)